dpkg-buildpackage
dpkg-buildpackage(1) dpkg suite dpkg-buildpackage(1)
NAME
dpkg-buildpackage - build binary or source packages from sources
SYNOPSIS
dpkg-buildpackage [option...]
DESCRIPTION
dpkg-buildpackage is a program that automates the process of building a
Debian package. It consists of the following steps:
1. It prepares the build environment by setting various environment
variables (see ENVIRONMENT), runs the init hook, and calls
dpkg-source --before-build (unless -T or --target has been used).
2. It checks that the build-dependencies and build-conflicts are
satisfied (unless -d or --no-check-builddeps is specified).
3. If one or more specific targets have been selected with the -T or
--target option, it calls those targets and stops here. Otherwise it
runs the preclean hook and calls fakeroot debian/rules clean to
clean the build-tree (unless -nc or --no-pre-clean is specified).
4. It runs the source hook and calls dpkg-source -b to generate the
source package (if a source build has been requested with --build or
equivalent options).
5. It runs the build hook and calls debian/rules build-target, then
runs the binary hook followed by fakeroot debian/rules binary-target
(unless a source-only build has been requested with --build=source
or equivalent options). Note that build-target and binary-target
are either build and binary (default case, or if an any and all
build has been requested with --build or equivalent options), or
build-arch and binary-arch (if an any and not all build has been
requested with --build or equivalent options), or build-indep and
binary-indep (if an all and not any build has been requested with
--build or equivalent options).
6. It runs the buildinfo hook and calls dpkg-genbuildinfo to generate a
.buildinfo file. Several dpkg-buildpackage options are forwarded to
dpkg-genbuildinfo.
7. It runs the changes hook and calls dpkg-genchanges to generate a
.changes file. The name of the .changes file will depend on the
type of build and will be as specific as necessary but not more; for
a build that includes any the name will be source-name_binary-
version_arch.changes, or otherwise for a build that includes all the
name will be source-name_binary-version_all.changes, or otherwise
for a build that includes source the name will be source-
name_source-version_source.changes. Many dpkg-buildpackage options
are forwarded to dpkg-genchanges.
8. It runs the postclean hook and if -tc or --post-clean is specified,
it will call fakeroot debian/rules clean again.
9. It calls dpkg-source --after-build.
10.
It runs the check hook and calls a package checker for the .changes
file (if a command is specified in DEB_CHECK_COMMAND or with
--check-command).
11.
It runs the sign hook and calls gpg2 or gpg (as long as it is not an
UNRELEASED build, or --no-sign is specified) to sign the .dsc file
(if any, unless -us or --unsigned-source is specified), the
.buildinfo file (unless -ui, --unsigned-buildinfo, -uc or
--unsigned-changes is specified) and the .changes file (unless -uc
or --unsigned-changes is specified).
12.
It runs the done hook.
OPTIONS
All long options can be specified both on the command line and in the
dpkg-buildpackage system and user configuration files. Each line in
the configuration file is either an option (exactly the same as the
command line option but without leading hyphens) or a comment (if it
starts with a '#').
--build=type
Specifies the build type from a comma-separated list of
components (since dpkg 1.18.5). Passed to dpkg-genchanges.
The allowed values are:
source Builds the source package. Note: when using this value
standalone and if what you want is simply to (re-)build
the source package from a clean source tree, using
dpkg-source directly is always a better option as it does
not require any build dependencies to be installed which
are otherwise needed to be able to call the clean target.
any Builds the architecture specific binary packages.
all Builds the architecture independent binary packages.
binary Builds the architecture specific and independent binary
packages. This is an alias for any,all.
full Builds everything. This is an alias for source,any,all,
and the same as the default case when no build option is
specified.
-g Equivalent to --build=source,all (since dpkg 1.17.11).
-G Equivalent to --build=source,any (since dpkg 1.17.11).
-b Equivalent to --build=binary or --build=any,all.
-B Equivalent to --build=any.
-A Equivalent to --build=all.
-S Equivalent to --build=source.
-F Equivalent to --build=full, --build=source,binary or
--build=source,any,all (since dpkg 1.15.8).
--target=target[,...]
--target target[,...]
-T, --rules-target=target[,...]
Calls debian/rules target once per target specified, after
having setup the build environment (except for calling
dpkg-source --before-build), and stops the package build process
here (since dpkg 1.15.0, long option since dpkg 1.18.8, multi-
target support since dpkg 1.18.16). If --as-root is also given,
then the command is executed as root (see --root-command). Note
that known targets that are required to be run as root do not
need this option (i.e. the clean, binary, binary-arch and
binary-indep targets).
--as-root
Only meaningful together with --target (since dpkg 1.15.0).
Requires that the target be run with root rights.
-si
-sa
-sd
-vversion
-Cchanges-description
-m, --release-by=maintainer-address
-e, --build-by=maintainer-address
Passed unchanged to dpkg-genchanges. See its manual page.
-a, --host-arch architecture
Specify the Debian architecture we build for (long option since
dpkg 1.17.17). The architecture of the machine we build on is
determined automatically, and is also the default for the host
machine.
-t, --host-type gnu-system-type
Specify the GNU system type we build for (long option since dpkg
1.17.17). It can be used in place of --host-arch or as a
complement to override the default GNU system type of the host
Debian architecture.
--target-arch architecture
Specify the Debian architecture the binaries built will build
for (since dpkg 1.17.17). The default value is the host
machine.
--target-type gnu-system-type
Specify the GNU system type the binaries built will build for
(since dpkg 1.17.17). It can be used in place of --target-arch
or as a complement to override the default GNU system type of
the target Debian architecture.
-P, --build-profiles=profile[,...]
Specify the profile(s) we build, as a comma-separated list
(since dpkg 1.17.2, long option since dpkg 1.18.8). The default
behavior is to build for no specific profile. Also sets them (as
a space separated list) as the DEB_BUILD_PROFILES environment
variable which allows, for example, debian/rules files to use
this information for conditional builds.
-j, --jobs[=jobs|auto]
Number of jobs allowed to be run simultaneously, number of jobs
matching the number of online processors if auto is specified
(since dpkg 1.17.10), or unlimited number if jobs is not
specified, equivalent to the make(1) option of the same name
(since dpkg 1.14.7, long option since dpkg 1.18.8). Will add
itself to the MAKEFLAGS environment variable, which should cause
all subsequent make invocations to inherit the option, thus
forcing the parallel setting on the packaging (and possibly the
upstream build system if that uses make) regardless of their
support for parallel builds, which might cause build failures.
Also adds parallel=jobs or parallel to the DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS
environment variable which allows debian/rules files to use this
information for their own purposes. The -j value will override
the parallel=jobs or parallel option in the DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS
environment variable. Note that the auto value will get
replaced by the actual number of currently active processors,
and as such will not get propagated to any child process. If the
number of online processors cannot be inferred then the code
will fallback to using serial execution (since dpkg 1.18.15),
although this should only happen on exotic and unsupported
systems.
-J, --jobs-try[=jobs|auto]
This option (since dpkg 1.18.2, long option since dpkg 1.18.8)
is equivalent to the -j option except that it does not set the
MAKEFLAGS environment variable, and as such it is safer to use
with any package including those that are not parallel-build
safe.
auto is the default behavior (since dpkg 1.18.11). Setting the
number of jobs to 1 will restore a serial behavior.
-D, --check-builddeps
Check build dependencies and conflicts; abort if unsatisfied
(long option since dpkg 1.18.8). This is the default behavior.
-d, --no-check-builddeps
Do not check build dependencies and conflicts (long option since
dpkg 1.18.8).
--ignore-builtin-builddeps
Do not check built-in build dependencies and conflicts (since
dpkg 1.18.2). These are the distribution specific implicit
build dependencies usually required in a build environment, the
so called Build-Essential package set.
--rules-requires-root
Do not honor the Rules-Requires-Root field, falling back to its
legacy default value (since dpkg 1.19.1).
-nc, --no-pre-clean
Do not clean the source tree before building (long option since
dpkg 1.18.8). Implies -b if nothing else has been selected
among -F, -g, -G, -B, -A or -S. Implies -d with -S (since dpkg
1.18.0).
--pre-clean
Clean the source tree before building (since dpkg 1.18.8). This
is the default behavior.
-tc, --post-clean
Clean the source tree (using gain-root-command debian/rules
clean) after the package has been built (long option since dpkg
1.18.8).
--no-post-clean
Do not clean the source tree after the package has been built
(since dpkg 1.19.1). This is the default behavior.
-r, --root-command=gain-root-command
When dpkg-buildpackage needs to execute part of the build
process as root, it prefixes the command it executes with gain-
root-command if one has been specified (long option since dpkg
1.18.8). Otherwise, if none has been specified, fakeroot will
be used by default, if the command is present. gain-root-
command should start with the name of a program on the PATH and
will get as arguments the name of the real command to run and
the arguments it should take. gain-root-command can include
parameters (they must be space-separated) but no shell
metacharacters. gain-root-command might typically be fakeroot,
sudo, super or really. su is not suitable, since it can only
invoke the user's shell with -c instead of passing arguments
individually to the command to be run.
-R, --rules-file=rules-file
Building a Debian package usually involves invoking debian/rules
as a command with several standard parameters (since dpkg
1.14.17, long option since dpkg 1.18.8). With this option it's
possible to use another program invocation to build the package
(it can include space separated parameters). Alternatively it
can be used to execute the standard rules file with another make
program (for example by using /usr/local/bin/make -f
debian/rules as rules-file).
--check-command=check-command
Command used to check the .changes file itself and any artifact
built referenced in the file (since dpkg 1.17.6). The command
should take the .changes pathname as an argument. This command
will usually be lintian.
--check-option=opt
Pass option opt to the check-command specified with
DEB_CHECK_COMMAND or --check-command (since dpkg 1.17.6). Can
be used multiple times.
--hook-hook-name=hook-command
Set the specified shell code hook-command as the hook hook-name,
which will run at the times specified in the run steps (since
dpkg 1.17.6). The hooks will always be executed even if the
following action is not performed (except for the binary hook).
All the hooks will run in the unpacked source directory.
Note: Hooks can affect the build process, and cause build
failures if their commands fail, so watch out for unintended
consequences.
The current hook-name supported are:
init preclean source build binary buildinfo changes postclean
check sign done
The hook-command supports the following substitution format
string, which will get applied to it before execution:
%% A single % character.
%a A boolean value (0 or 1), representing whether the
following action is being performed.
%p The source package name.
%v The source package version.
%s The source package version (without the epoch).
%u The upstream version.
--buildinfo-option=opt
Pass option opt to dpkg-genbuildinfo (since dpkg 1.18.11). Can
be used multiple times.
-p, --sign-command=sign-command
When dpkg-buildpackage needs to execute GPG to sign a source
control (.dsc) file or a .changes file it will run sign-command
(searching the PATH if necessary) instead of gpg2 or gpg (long
option since dpkg 1.18.8). sign-command will get all the
arguments that gpg2 or gpg would have gotten. sign-command
should not contain spaces or any other shell metacharacters.
-k, --sign-key=key-id
Specify a key-ID to use when signing packages (long option since
dpkg 1.18.8).
-us, --unsigned-source
Do not sign the source package (long option since dpkg 1.18.8).
-ui, --unsigned-buildinfo
Do not sign the .buildinfo file (since dpkg 1.18.19).
-uc, --unsigned-changes
Do not sign the .buildinfo and .changes files (long option since
dpkg 1.18.8).
--no-sign
Do not sign any file, this includes the source package, the
.buildinfo file and the .changes file (since dpkg 1.18.20).
--force-sign
Force the signing of the resulting files (since dpkg 1.17.0),
regardless of -us, --unsigned-source, -ui, --unsigned-buildinfo,
-uc, --unsigned-changes or other internal heuristics.
-sn
-ss
-sA
-sk
-su
-sr
-sK
-sU
-sR
-i, --diff-ignore[=regex]
-I, --tar-ignore[=pattern]
-z, --compression-level=level
-Z, --compression=compressor
Passed unchanged to dpkg-source. See its manual page.
--source-option=opt
Pass option opt to dpkg-source (since dpkg 1.15.6). Can be used
multiple times.
--changes-option=opt
Pass option opt to dpkg-genchanges (since dpkg 1.15.6). Can be
used multiple times.
--admindir=dir
--admindir dir
Change the location of the dpkg database (since dpkg 1.14.0).
The default location is /var/lib/dpkg.
-?, --help
Show the usage message and exit.
--version
Show the version and exit.
ENVIRONMENT
External environment
DEB_CHECK_COMMAND
If set, it will be used as the command to check the .changes
file (since dpkg 1.17.6). Overridden by the --check-command
option.
DEB_SIGN_KEYID
If set, it will be used to sign the .changes and .dsc files
(since dpkg 1.17.2). Overridden by the --sign-key option.
DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS
If set, it will contain a space-separated list of options that
might affect the build process in debian/rules, and the behavior
of some dpkg commands.
With nocheck the DEB_CHECK_COMMAND variable will be ignored.
With parallel=N the parallel jobs will be set to N, overridden
by the --jobs-try option.
DEB_BUILD_PROFILES
If set, it will be used as the active build profile(s) for the
package being built (since dpkg 1.17.2). It is a space
separated list of profile names. Overridden by the -P option.
DPKG_COLORS
Sets the color mode (since dpkg 1.18.5). The currently accepted
values are: auto (default), always and never.
DPKG_NLS
If set, it will be used to decide whether to activate Native
Language Support, also known as internationalization (or i18n)
support (since dpkg 1.19.0). The accepted values are: 0 and 1
(default).
Internal environment
Even if dpkg-buildpackage exports some variables, debian/rules should
not rely on their presence and should instead use the respective
interface to retrieve the needed values, because that file is the main
entry point to build packages and running it standalone should be
supported.
DEB_BUILD_*
DEB_HOST_*
DEB_TARGET_*
dpkg-architecture is called with the -a and -t parameters
forwarded. Any variable that is output by its -s option is
integrated in the build environment.
DEB_RULES_REQUIRES_ROOT
This variable is set to the value obtained from the
Rules-Requires-Root field or from the command-line. When set,
it will be a valid value for the Rules-Requires-Root field. It
is used to notify debian/rules whether the rootless-builds.txt
specification is supported.
DEB_GAIN_ROOT_CMD
This variable is set to gain-root-command when the field
Rules-Requires-Root is set to a value different to no and
binary-targets.
SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH
This variable is set to the Unix timestamp since the epoch of
the latest entry in debian/changelog, if it is not already
defined.
FILES
/etc/dpkg/buildpackage.conf
System wide configuration file
$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/dpkg/buildpackage.conf or
$HOME/.config/dpkg/buildpackage.conf
User configuration file.
NOTES
Compiler flags are no longer exported
Between dpkg 1.14.17 and 1.16.1, dpkg-buildpackage exported compiler
flags (CFLAGS, CXXFLAGS, FFLAGS, CPPFLAGS and LDFLAGS) with values as
returned by dpkg-buildflags. This is no longer the case.
Default build targets
dpkg-buildpackage is using the build-arch and build-indep targets since
dpkg 1.16.2. Those targets are thus mandatory. But to avoid breakages
of existing packages, and ease the transition, if the source package
does not build both architecture independent and dependent binary
packages (since dpkg 1.18.8) it will fallback to use the build target
if make -f debian/rules -qn build-target returns 2 as exit code.
BUGS
It should be possible to specify spaces and shell metacharacters and
initial arguments for gain-root-command and sign-command.
SEE ALSO
dpkg-source(1), dpkg-architecture(1), dpkg-buildflags(1),
dpkg-genbuildinfo(1), dpkg-genchanges(1), fakeroot(1), lintian(1),
gpg2(1), gpg(1).
1.19.7 2022-05-25 dpkg-buildpackage(1)
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