hostname

HOSTNAME(7)                Linux Programmer's Manual               HOSTNAME(7)

NAME
       hostname - hostname resolution description

DESCRIPTION
       Hostnames  are domains, where a domain is a hierarchical, dot-separated
       list of subdomains; for example, the machine "monet", in the  "example"
       subdomain  of  the  "com"  domain  would be represented as "monet.exam-
       ple.com".

       Each element of the hostname must be from 1 to 63 characters  long  and
       the  entire hostname, including the dots, can be at most 253 characters
       long.  Valid characters for hostnames are ASCII(7) letters from a to z,
       the  digits  from 0 to 9, and the hyphen (-).  A hostname may not start
       with a hyphen.

       Hostnames are often used with network client and server programs, which
       must generally translate the name to an address for use.  (This task is
       generally performed by either getaddrinfo(3) or the obsolete gethostby-
       name(3).)

       Hostnames  are  resolved by the NSS framework in glibc according to the
       hosts configuration in nsswitch.conf.  The DNS-based name resolver  (in
       the dns NSS service module) resolves them in the following fashion.

       If  the  name consists of a single component, that is, contains no dot,
       and if the environment variable HOSTALIASES is set to  the  name  of  a
       file, that file is searched for any string matching the input hostname.
       The file should consist of lines made up of two  white-space  separated
       strings,  the  first  of which is the hostname alias, and the second of
       which is the complete hostname to be substituted for that alias.  If  a
       case-insensitive match is found between the hostname to be resolved and
       the first field of a line in the file, the substituted name  is  looked
       up with no further processing.

       If  the  input  name  ends with a trailing dot, the trailing dot is re-
       moved, and the remaining name is looked up with no further processing.

       If the input name does not end with a trailing dot, it is looked up  by
       searching  through  a  list of domains until a match is found.  The de-
       fault search list includes first the local domain, then its parent  do-
       mains with at least 2 name components (longest first).  For example, in
       the domain cs.example.com, the name lithium.cchem will be checked first
       as  lithium.cchem.cs.example  and  then  as  lithium.cchem.example.com.
       lithium.cchem.com will not be tried, as there is only one component re-
       maining from the local domain.  The search path can be changed from the
       default by a system-wide configuration file (see resolver(5)).

SEE ALSO
       getaddrinfo(3),   gethostbyname(3),   nsswitch.conf(5),    resolver(5),
       mailaddr(7), named(8)

       IETF RFC 1123 <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1123.txt>

       IETF RFC 1178 <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1178.txt>

COLOPHON
       This  page  is  part of release 5.05 of the Linux man-pages project.  A
       description of the project, information about reporting bugs,  and  the
       latest     version     of     this    page,    can    be    found    at
       https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.

Linux                             2019-05-09                       HOSTNAME(7)