getdents

GETDENTS(2)                Linux Programmer's Manual               GETDENTS(2)

NAME
       getdents, getdents64 - get directory entries

SYNOPSIS
       int getdents(unsigned int fd, struct linux_dirent *dirp,
                    unsigned int count);
       int getdents64(unsigned int fd, struct linux_dirent64 *dirp,
                    unsigned int count);

       Note: There are no glibc wrappers for these system calls; see NOTES.

DESCRIPTION
       These are not the interfaces you are interested in.  Look at readdir(3)
       for the POSIX-conforming C library interface.  This page documents  the
       bare kernel system call interfaces.

   getdents()
       The  system  call getdents() reads several linux_dirent structures from
       the directory referred to by the open file descriptor fd into the  buf-
       fer  pointed to by dirp.  The argument count specifies the size of that
       buffer.

       The linux_dirent structure is declared as follows:

           struct linux_dirent {
               unsigned long  d_ino;     /* Inode number */
               unsigned long  d_off;     /* Offset to next linux_dirent */
               unsigned short d_reclen;  /* Length of this linux_dirent */
               char           d_name[];  /* Filename (null-terminated) */
                                 /* length is actually (d_reclen - 2 -
                                    offsetof(struct linux_dirent, d_name)) */
               /*
               char           pad;       // Zero padding byte
               char           d_type;    // File type (only since Linux
                                         // 2.6.4); offset is (d_reclen - 1)
               */
           }

       d_ino is an inode number.  d_off is the distance from the start of  the
       directory  to the start of the next linux_dirent.  d_reclen is the size
       of this entire linux_dirent.  d_name is a null-terminated filename.

       d_type is a byte at the end of the structure that  indicates  the  file
       type.  It contains one of the following values (defined in <dirent.h>):

       DT_BLK      This is a block device.

       DT_CHR      This is a character device.

       DT_DIR      This is a directory.

       DT_FIFO     This is a named pipe (FIFO).

       DT_LNK      This is a symbolic link.

       DT_REG      This is a regular file.

       DT_SOCK     This is a UNIX domain socket.

       DT_UNKNOWN  The file type is unknown.

       The d_type field is implemented since Linux 2.6.4.  It occupies a space
       that was previously a zero-filled  padding  byte  in  the  linux_dirent
       structure.   Thus,  on kernels up to and including 2.6.3, attempting to
       access this field always provides the value 0 (DT_UNKNOWN).

       Currently, only some filesystems (among them: Btrfs,  ext2,  ext3,  and
       ext4) have full support for returning the file type in d_type.  All ap-
       plications must properly handle a return of DT_UNKNOWN.

   getdents64()
       The original Linux getdents() system call did not handle large filesys-
       tems  and  large  file  offsets.   Consequently,  Linux  2.4 added get-
       dents64(), with wider types for the d_ino and d_off fields.   In  addi-
       tion, getdents64() supports an explicit d_type field.

       The getdents64() system call is like getdents(), except that its second
       argument is a pointer to a buffer containing structures of the  follow-
       ing type:

           struct linux_dirent64 {
               ino64_t        d_ino;    /* 64-bit inode number */
               off64_t        d_off;    /* 64-bit offset to next structure */
               unsigned short d_reclen; /* Size of this dirent */
               unsigned char  d_type;   /* File type */
               char           d_name[]; /* Filename (null-terminated) */
           };

RETURN VALUE
       On success, the number of bytes read is returned.  On end of directory,
       0 is returned.  On error, -1 is returned, and errno  is  set  appropri-
       ately.

ERRORS
       EBADF  Invalid file descriptor fd.

       EFAULT Argument points outside the calling process's address space.

       EINVAL Result buffer is too small.

       ENOENT No such directory.

       ENOTDIR
              File descriptor does not refer to a directory.

CONFORMING TO
       SVr4.

NOTES
       Glibc  does not provide a wrapper for these system calls; call them us-
       ing syscall(2).  You will need to define the linux_dirent or  linux_di-
       rent64  structure  yourself.   However,  you probably want to use read-
       dir(3) instead.

       These calls supersede readdir(2).

EXAMPLE
       The program below demonstrates the use of  getdents().   The  following
       output  shows an example of what we see when running this program on an
       ext2 directory:

           $ ./a.out /testfs/
           --------------- nread=120 ---------------
           inode#    file type  d_reclen  d_off   d_name
                  2  directory    16         12  .
                  2  directory    16         24  ..
                 11  directory    24         44  lost+found
                 12  regular      16         56  a
             228929  directory    16         68  sub
              16353  directory    16         80  sub2

             130817  directory    16       4096  sub3

   Program source

       #define _GNU_SOURCE
       #include <dirent.h>     /* Defines DT_* constants */
       #include <fcntl.h>
       #include <stdio.h>
       #include <unistd.h>
       #include <stdlib.h>
       #include <sys/stat.h>
       #include <sys/syscall.h>

       #define handle_error(msg) \
               do { perror(msg); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } while (0)

       struct linux_dirent {
           long           d_ino;
           off_t          d_off;
           unsigned short d_reclen;
           char           d_name[];
       };

       #define BUF_SIZE 1024

       int
       main(int argc, char *argv[])
       {
           int fd, nread;
           char buf[BUF_SIZE];
           struct linux_dirent *d;
           int bpos;
           char d_type;

           fd = open(argc > 1 ? argv[1] : ".", O_RDONLY | O_DIRECTORY);
           if (fd == -1)
               handle_error("open");

           for ( ; ; ) {
               nread = syscall(SYS_getdents, fd, buf, BUF_SIZE);
               if (nread == -1)
                   handle_error("getdents");

               if (nread == 0)
                   break;

               printf("--------------- nread=%d ---------------\n", nread);
               printf("inode#    file type  d_reclen  d_off   d_name\n");
               for (bpos = 0; bpos < nread;) {
                   d = (struct linux_dirent *) (buf + bpos);
                   printf("%8ld  ", d->d_ino);
                   d_type = *(buf + bpos + d->d_reclen - 1);
                   printf("%-10s ", (d_type == DT_REG) ?  "regular" :
                                    (d_type == DT_DIR) ?  "directory" :
                                    (d_type == DT_FIFO) ? "FIFO" :
                                    (d_type == DT_SOCK) ? "socket" :
                                    (d_type == DT_LNK) ?  "symlink" :
                                    (d_type == DT_BLK) ?  "block dev" :
                                    (d_type == DT_CHR) ?  "char dev" : "???");
                   printf("%4d %10lld  %s\n", d->d_reclen,
                           (long long) d->d_off, d->d_name);
                   bpos += d->d_reclen;
               }
           }

           exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);

       }

SEE ALSO
       readdir(2), readdir(3), inode(7)

COLOPHON
       This page is part of release 5.05 of the Linux  man-pages  project.   A
       description  of  the project, information about reporting bugs, and the
       latest    version    of    this    page,    can     be     found     at
       https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.

Linux                             2019-03-06                       GETDENTS(2)