wn

WN(1WN)                     WordNettm User Commands                    WN(1WN)

NAME
       wn - command line interface to WordNet lexical database

SYNOPSIS
       wn  [  searchstr  ]  [ -h] [ -g ] [ -a ] [ -l ] [ -o ] [ -s ] [ -n# ] [
       search_option... ]

DESCRIPTION
       wn() provides a command line interface to the WordNet database,  allow-
       ing  synsets and relations to be displayed as formatted text.  For each
       word, different searches are provided, based on syntactic category  and
       pointer types.  Although only base forms of words are usually stored in
       WordNet, users may search for inflected forms.  A morphological process
       is  applied  to the search string to generate a form that is present in
       WordNet.

       The command line interface is often useful when writing scripts to  ex-
       tract  information  from  the WordNet database.  Post-processing of the
       output with various scripting tools can reformat  the  results  as  de-
       sired.

OPTIONS
       -h             Print help text before search results.

       -g             Display textual glosses associated with synsets.

       -a             Display lexicographer file information.

       -o             Display synset offset of each synset.

       -s             Display each word's sense numbers in synsets.

       -l             Display  the  WordNet  copyright notice, version number,
                      and license.

       -n#            Perform search on sense number # only.

       -over          Display overview of all senses of searchstr in all  syn-
                      tactic categories.

   Search Options
       Note  that  the last letter of search_option generally denotes the part
       of speech that the search applies to: n for nouns, v for verbs,  a  for
       adjectives,  and  r  for  adverbs.   Multiple  searches may be done for
       searchstr with a single  command  by  specifying  all  the  appropriate
       search options.

       -syns(n | v | a | r)
                      Display synonyms and immediate hypernyms of synsets con-
                      taining searchstr.  Synsets  are  ordered  by  estimated
                      frequency  of use.  For adjectives, if searchstr is in a
                      head synset, the cluster's satellite  synsets  are  dis-
                      played in place of hypernyms.  If searchstr is in a sat-
                      ellite synset, its head synset is also displayed.

       -simsv         Display verb synonyms and immediate hypernyms of synsets
                      containing searchstr.  Synsets are grouped by similarity
                      of meaning.

       -ants(n | v | a | r)
                      Display synsets containing antonyms of  searchstr.   For
                      adjectives,  if searchstr is in a head synset, searchstr
                      has a direct antonym.  The head synset  for  the  direct
                      antonym  is  displayed  along  with the direct antonym's
                      satellite synsets.   If  searchstr  is  in  a  satellite
                      synset,  searchstr  has an indirect antonym via the head
                      synset, which is displayed.

       -faml(n | v | a | r)
                      Display familiarity and polysemy information for search-
                      str.

       -hype(n | v)   Recursively  display  hypernym  (superordinate) tree for
                      searchstr (searchstr IS A KIND OF _____ relation).

       -hypo(n | v)   Display immediate hyponyms (subordinates) for  searchstr
                      (_____ IS A KIND OF searchstr relation).

       -tree(n | v)   Display  hyponym (subordinate) tree for searchstr.  This
                      is a recursive search that finds the  hyponyms  of  each
                      hyponym.

       -coor(n | v)   Display  the  coordinates  (sisters) of searchstr.  This
                      search prints the immediate  hypernym  for  each  synset
                      that contains searchstr and the hypernym's immediate hy-
                      ponyms.

       -deri(n | v)   Display derivational morphology links between  noun  and
                      verb forms.

       -domn(n | v | a | r)
                      Display domain that searchstr has been classified in.

       -domt(n | v | a | r)
                      Display  all  terms classified as members of the search-
                      str's domain.

       -subsn         Display substance meronyms of searchstr  (HAS  SUBSTANCE
                      relation).

       -partn         Display part meronyms of searchstr (HAS PART relation).

       -membn         Display  member  meronyms of searchstr (HAS MEMBER rela-
                      tion).

       -meron         Display all meronyms of searchstr (HAS PART, HAS MEMBER,
                      HAS SUBSTANCE relations).

       -hmern         Display  meronyms  for searchstr tree.  This is a recur-
                      sive search that prints all the  meronyms  of  searchstr
                      and all of its hypernyms.

       -sprtn         Display  part  of  holonyms  of searchstr (PART OF rela-
                      tion).

       -smemn         Display member of holonyms of searchstr (MEMBER OF rela-
                      tion).

       -ssubn         Display substance of holonyms of searchstr (SUBSTANCE OF
                      relation).

       -holon         Display all holonyms of searchstr (PART OF,  MEMBER  OF,
                      SUBSTANCE OF relations).

       -hholn         Display  holonyms  for searchstr tree.  This is a recur-
                      sive search that prints all the  holonyms  of  searchstr
                      and all of each holonym's holonyms.

       -entav         Display entailment relations of searchstr.

       -framv         Display applicable verb sentence frames for searchstr.

       -causv         Display cause to relations of searchstr.

        -pert(a | r)  Display pertainyms of searchstr.

        -attr(n | a)  Display adjective values for noun attribute, or noun at-
                      tributes of adjective values.

       -grep(n | v | a | r)
                      List compound words containing searchstr as a substring.

SEARCH RESULTS
       The results of a search are written to the standard output.   For  each
       search,  the output consists a one line description of the search, fol-
       lowed by the search results.

       All searches other than -over list all senses matching the  search  re-
       sults  in  the  following general format.  Items enclosed in italicized
       square brackets ([ ... ]) may not be present.

              One line listing the number of senses matching  the  search  re-
              quest.

              Each sense matching the search requested displayed as follows:

                   Sense n
                   [{synset_offset}] [<lex_filename>]  word1[#sense_number][,  word2...]

              Where n is the sense number of the search word, synset_offset is
              the byte offset of the synset in the data.pos file corresponding
              to the syntactic category, lex_filename is the name of the lexi-
              cographer file that the synset comes from, word1  is  the  first
              word in the synset (note that this is not necessarily the search
              word) and sense_number is the WordNet sense number  assigned  to
              the preceding word.  synset_offset, lex_filename, and sense_num-
              ber are generated when the -o, -a, and -s options, respectively,
              are specified.

              The synsets matching the search requested are printed below each
              sense's synset output described above.  Each line of  output  is
              preceded  by  a marker (usually =>), then a synset, formatted as
              described above.  If a search traverses more one  level  of  the
              tree, then successive lines are indented by spaces corresponding
              to its level in the hierarchy.  When the -g option is specified,
              synset  glosses  are displayed in parentheses at the end of each
              synset.  Each synset is printed on one line.

              Senses are generally ordered from most to least frequently used,
              with  the most common sense numbered 1.  Frequency of use is de-
              termined by the number of times a sense is tagged in the various
              semantic  concordance  texts.   Senses that are not semantically
              tagged follow the ordered senses.  Note that  this  ordering  is
              only an estimate based on usage in a small corpus.

              Verb senses can be grouped by similarity of meaning, rather than
              ordered by frequency of  use.   The  -simsv  search  prints  all
              senses that are close in meaning together, with a line of dashes
              indicating the end of a group.  See wngroups(7WN) for a  discus-
              sion of how senses are grouped.

              The  -over  search displays an overview of all the senses of the
              search word in all syntactic categories.  The  results  of  this
              search  are  similar  to the -syns search, however no additional
              (ex. hypernym) synsets are displayed, and synset glosses are al-
              ways printed.  The senses are grouped by syntactic category, and
              each synset is annotated as described above with  synset_offset,
              lex_filename, and sense_number as dictated by the -o, -a, and -s
              options.  The overview search also indicates  how  many  of  the
              senses  in each syntactic category are represented in the tagged
              texts.  This is a way  for  the  user  to  determine  whether  a
              sense's  sense  number is based on semantic tagging data, or was
              arbitrarily assigned.   For each sense that has appeared in such
              texts,  the  number of semantic tags to that sense are indicated
              in parentheses after the sense number.

              If a search cannot be performed on some senses of searchstr, the
              search results are headed by a string of the form:
                   X of Y senses of searchstr

              The output of the -deri search shows word forms that are morpho-
              logically related to searchstr. Each word form pointed  to  from
              searchstr is displayed, preceded by RELATED TO-> and the syntac-
              tic category of the link, followed, on the  next  line,  by  its
              synset.  Printed after the word form is #n where n indicates the
              WordNet sense number of the term pointed to.

              The -domn and -domt searches show the domain that a  synset  has
              been  classified  in and, conversely, all of the terms that have
              been assigned to a specific domain.  A domain is either a TOPIC,
              REGION  or USAGE, as reflected in the specific pointer character
              stored in the database, and displayed in the  output.   A  -domn
              search on a term shows the domain, if any, that each synset con-
              taining searchstr has been classified in.   The  output  display
              shows  the domain type (TOPIC, REGION or USAGE), followed by the
              syntactic category of the domain synset and  the  terms  in  the
              synset.  Each term is followed by #n where n indicates the Word-
              Net sense number of the term.  The converse search, -domt, shows
              all of the synsets that have been placed into the domain search-
              str, with analogous markers.

              When -framv is  specified,  sample  illustrative  sentences  and
              generic  sentence frames are displayed.  If a sample sentence is
              found, the base form of search is substituted into the sentence,
              and  it  is  printed  below  the  synset,  preceded with the EX:
              marker.  When no sample sentences are found,  the  generic  sen-
              tence frames are displayed.  Sentence frames that are acceptable
              for all words in a synset are preceded by the marker *>.   If  a
              frame  is acceptable for the search word only, it is preceded by
              the marker =>.

              Search results for adjectives are slightly different from  those
              for  other  parts  of speech.  When an adjective is printed, its
              direct antonym, if it has one, is also printed  in  parentheses.
              When  searchstr  is  in  a head synset, all of the head synset's
              satellites are also displayed.  The position of an adjective  in
              relation  to the noun may be restricted to the prenominal, post-
              nominal or predicative position.  Where present, these  restric-
              tions are noted in parentheses.

              When  an  adjective  is a participle of a verb, the output indi-
              cates the verb and displays its synset.

              When an adverb is derived from an adjective, the specific adjec-
              tival sense on which it is based is indicated.

              The  morphological  transformations performed by the search code
              may result in more than one word to search for.   WordNet  auto-
              matically  performs  the  requested search on all of the strings
              and returns the results grouped by word.  For example, the  verb
              saw  is both the present tense of saw and the past tense of see.
              When passed searchstr saw, WordNet performs the  desired  search
              first  on  saw and next on see, returning the list of saw senses
              and search results, followed by those for see.

EXIT STATUS
       wn() normally exits with the number of senses displayed.  If searchword
       is not found in WordNet, it exits with 0.

       If  the  WordNet  database  cannot be opened, an error messages is dis-
       played and wn() exits with -1.

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES (UNIX)
       WNHOME              Base directory for WordNet.   Default  is  /usr/lo-
                           cal/WordNet-3.0.

       WNSEARCHDIR         Directory  in  which  the WordNet database has been
                           installed.  Default is WNHOME/dict.

REGISTRY (WINDOWS)
       HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\WordNet\3.0\WNHome
                           Base directory for  WordNet.   Default  is  C:\Pro-
                           gram Files\WordNet\3.0.

FILES
       index.pos           database index files

       data.pos            database data files

       *.vrb               files of sentences illustrating the use of verbs

       pos.exc             morphology exception lists

SEE ALSO
       wnintro(1WN),   wnb(1WN),  wnintro(3WN),  lexnames(5WN),  senseidx(5WN)
       wndb(5WN), wninput(5WN), morphy(7WN), wngloss(7WN), wngroups(7WN).

BUGS
       Please report bugs to wordnet@princeton.edu.

WordNet 3.0                        Dec 2006                            WN(1WN)
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